Posts

What is a Keystone Species: Definition, Types, Characteristics, Importance, Examples, and Ecological Role

Image
 Introduction:      A keystone species is an organism that plays a disproportionately large role in maintaining the structure, stability, and functioning of an ecosystem. Another definition of keystone species is a species whose impact on its ecosystem is disproportionately large relative to its abundance or biomass. They are named after the keystone in a stone arch, the central wedge-shaped stone that holds the entire arch together. In 1969 zoologist Robert T. Paine used this architectural term as a metaphor to describe the critical role of these species. Although keystone species are often low in abundance, their removal can cause major changes throughout an ecosystem. Not all dominant or abundant species are keystone species. A keystone species is identified by the magnitude of its ecological impact rather than by its population size. Some keystone species are abundant, while others are relatively rare. Keystone in a stone arch History of keystone species concept...
3 comments
Read more

Introduction of Lithium: Discovery, Occurance, Properties and Applications

Image
Introduction of Lithium:     Lithium is an element. It is symbolize Li . In perodic table it is found in s-block, on the top of  Group IA . It is third element in perodic table. Hence, its atomic number is 3 . It is a silver-white soft alkali metal. It is also called white gold . Scientists named this mineral lithium comes from Greek word " lithios " means "stone or rock". It is named lithios because it is first alkali metal found in minerals while others like potassium and sodium was found in organic matters(in plants).  Discovery of lithium:     In 1790 a Brazalian scientist Joseph Boniface, on the Swedish island he discoved spodumene( LiAlSi₂O₆ ) and petalite( LiAlSi₄O₁₀ ). In 1817 a Swedish chemist John August identified lithium in petalite. In 1821 an English scientist Willian Brande isolate a trace amount of lithium through electrolysis. It wasn't isolated yet.  Occurance of lithium:     Lithium is an alkali metal found i...
5 comments
Location: Pakistan
Read more

30 Fascinating Science Facts about Space, Biology, and Physics

 Interesting facts Human Body Marvel: ⚖️ Brain Weight & Energy : The human brain's weight is up to 2% of the total body. But it uses 20% of the body's energy and oxygen. ⚡ Body Electricity : Many organs, including the brain, heart, and muscles, generate weak electrical signals due to the movement of charged ions. ❤️ Self-Powered Heart : The heart has its own electrical conduction system. So, if it removed from the body, it continues to pump (in the presence of oxygen).  ⚡ Brain's power : The human brain produces 12-25 watts of electricity while awake. It is enough to power a low-voltage bulb. šŸ§¼ Ancient Hygiene : Urine was used for cleaning purposes (face wash, washing cloth and cleaning teeth) in past Roman times. Urine contains ammonia, which is a strong natural cleaning agent. šŸ§« Bacterial Majority: Your  body has a larger number of bacterial cells than your own body cells. šŸ§Ŗ Natural Chemicals : The human body generates toxic chemicals; if they are in high concent...
3 comments
Read more

From Stardust to Life: The Formation of the Solar System, Earth's Habitability, and the Evolution of Life

Image
Introduction:       The planet we call home is Earth. It is the only planet in our solar system with a sustainable environment for the survival of organisms. But this environment did not appear instantly. There is a long chain of processes.  These are the results of cosmic collisions, chemical and biological evolution, and geological processes. The observable universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago in an extremely hot, dense state. Over billions of years of cosmic evolution, matter eventually formed stars, planets, and asteroids. The origins of matter: Before the solar system The Big Bang theory:     In 1927, Belgian cosmologist and Catholic priest Georges LemaĆ®tre focused on the expansion of the universe. Later in 1931, he proposed the "primeval atom hypothesis," which became the foundation of the Big Bang  model. He theorized that the universe began in extremely hot, dense state. Later on, many scientists worked on this theory....
4 comments
Read more

Could Humans survive on Mars? Challenges, Possibilities, and Future Prospects

Image
Could humans live on Mars? Introduction to Mars:     Mars is the fourth planet of our solar system.  Mars is a rocky, dusty desert planet.  It is also known as the "red planet". Its name is because its outer surface is red due to iron oxide (known as rust).  An image of Mars by NASA Characteristics and key facts: Phobos The distance from sun to Mars is 142 million miles and from Earth its ranging from 35 million miles up to 140 million miles. Phobos and Deimos are two asteroid-like moons of Mars. Olympus Mons is the highest mountain in the solar system. It is three times higher than Mount Everest. Its radius is about 2,106 miles. One Martian day is called a sol, which takes 24.6 hours. One year is about 687 Earth days.  It is cold because its atmosphere is very thin and cannot capture heat. Its surface temperature is about -82  ° C to -143 °C. Its polar caps are made of frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice), and some are composed of frozen water. It is home ...
3 comments
Read more

Survival in the Extremes: Introduction, Types, Adaptations, and Examples of Extremophiles

Image
 What are Extremophiles? Introduction:     Extremophile means "extreme-loving". Organisms that can survive in harsh and extreme conditions are called extremophiles. They can tolerate high and low temperatures, extreme pH, and intense pressure. Common examples of extremophiles include tardigrades, Archae, and certain fungi and protozoa.   Tardigrade:   An animal, the t ardigrade, is known as the toughest animal.    It is a polyextremophile and can tolerate all types of radiation, stress, and temperature extremes.  Tardigrades are famous for surviving extreme stress, but their ordinary life span is short — and they are not truly immortal. They have a lifespan of only a few months to 2 years. It is very interesting that tardigrade can survive exposure to -272 °C to 150 °C (in a laboratory) for a short time .  However, they can die if exposed to 87 ° C hot water for one hour.   They can also survive without food, oxygen, and other fact...
3 comments
Read more

The Search for Life Beyond Earth: Are We Alone

Image
Life beyond Earth:     It is very interesting question that life beyond Earth exist or not. Is there possibility that different organisms can live in another world. Scientist named "Alien" to these extraterrestrial organisms. What is alien?     The word alien derives from Latin word 'alienus' which means "foreign"    or "belonging to another". In past this term was used for person that belongs to another town or country. With the passage of time through internet world become global village and no one is unknown. Now every one is familiar to each other. This term is now used for extraterrestrial life which is unfamiliar for us.  Why scientists believe in the existence of alien?     There are billions of galaxy and trillions of planets in our universe. So, there is high possibility Earth is not only planet evolve for life. Scientists discovered many planets which have all requirments, suitable for life. Many stars have planet orbiting them just...
3 comments
Read more

Popular posts from this blog

What Are Mycorrhizae? Types and Their Role in Plant Growth

Image
What is mycorrhizae?       It is the relationship between fungi and higher vascular plants. The fungi attach to  the roots of plants. It is a mutualistic relationship. It means that mycorrhizae is beneficial for both organisms. Benefits:      Fungal hyphae increase the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus and copper in soil. It also helps in the direct absorption of these elements. On the other hand, fungi absorb nutrients from plants. Plants can grow better with mycorrhizae than other plants. Root Epidermis:     The u pper layer of the roots is called the root epidermis, which consists of  epidermal tissues. It helps in protection, absorption, as well as  interaction between the plant and soil. Fungal hyphae attach to  root epidermis. Root hair:          These are thread-like structures which are found on the tips of the root. It helps in the absorption of      nutrients fro...
Read more

Food Interactions Between Organisms: Understanding Ecological Relationships

Image
 Food Chain:                     " Flow of energy from one trophic level to other trophic level is called  food chain". In other words:             "Series of step of eating and being eaten is called food chain". For example:               The grasshopper eats grass, rat eats grasshopper, snake eats rat and then snack  is eaten by eagle. This eating process make a chain which is called food chain. Every food chain always starts from producers and finish on decomposers. Trophic level:              The levels in food chain are called trophic level. As in above example grass is first trophic level, grasshopper second trophic level, frog third and so on. There is a change of energy level in each trophic level. This change in energy state a law which says:          " The energy is transfer from...
Read more

Kingdom Protista: Introduction, Classification, Characteristics and Examples

Image
 Kingdom Protista: Protists     Kingdom Protista is a distinct kingdom of organisms. It includes mostly  eukaryotic aquatic organisms. These organisms have characteristics that cannot be classified into any other kingdom. Their mode of nutrition, reproduction, lifestyles, and body forms are different from those of the other four kingdoms. There are four major groups of protists: The single-celled protozoa Unicellular and multicellular algae Slime molds Oomycetes Protozoa: Animal-like Protist These are animal-like protists. These are unicellular eukaryotic organisms.  These are free-living, symbionts, or parasitic.  They ingest their food by endocytosis. They use cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia for locomotion. Some common protozoa are: Amoeba Ciliates  Zooflagellates Apicomplexans Actinopods Foraminifera  Amoeba: Amoeba may be free-living or parasitic. They are unicellular organisms. They live in marine, freshwater and soil. They have no definite s...
Read more